• Stainless Steel Pipe Tolerances | Pipe Sizes and Tolerances | Nominal Wall Tolerance | Pressure Rating | Schedule, Wall Thickness | Weight | Tolerances | Properties

    • Stainless Steel Pipe Tolerances | Pipe Sizes and Tolerances | Nominal Wall Tolerance

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    Stainless Steel Pipe Tolerances | Pipe Sizes and Tolerances | Nominal Wall Tolerance | Learn More About SS Pipe Dimensions | Sizes in OD & Inches | Pressure Rating | Schedule, Wall Thickness & Weight | tolerances | properties

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    Stainless Steel Pipe Tolerances | Pipe Sizes and Tolerances | Nominal Wall Tolerance

    Pipe Sizes and Tolerances

    Steel pipe sizes around the world are standardized on  historic dimensions that are now referred to as Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS).

    In addition to standardizing the nominal outside diameter (OD), a series of standard wall thicknesses was developed years ago and these were labeled as Schedules (SCH). The units for both of NPS and SCH are dimensionless. A larger number indicates a larger OD size or a heavier wall thickness. A typical description might look like 4 NPS SCH 40. In this case this description indicates a nominal OD of 4.500” (114.3 mm) and a nominal wall thickness of 0.237” (6.02 mm). Through 8 NPS, the nominal dimensions for both carbon alloy and stainless alloy pipe are the same. In larger sizes, there are differences in some nominal wall thicknesses.


    Historically, the dimensions for smaller diameter pipe were such that the inside diameter (ID) of what are now known as SCH 40 thicknesses were very close to the OD size designator. In the example above, the nominal ID is actually 4.026” for 4 NPS. As it became possible to make lighter (and heavier) wall thicknesses, the schedule of sizes was expanded. The sizes are standardized in ANSI B36.10 for carbon pipe and in ANSI B36.19 for stainless and nickel alloys.


    Pipe tolerances will depend on the alloy and the standard to which it was produced. The general requirement standard covering most stainless pipe is ASTM/ASME A/SA 999. The OD under tolerance on all sizes is -0.031”. The over tolerance increases with OD size but for the range of 1-1/2 to 4 NPS the plus tolerance is also 0.031”. This introduces the concept of ovality, where if the pipe exhibited both the maximum and minimum OD permitted, it would be out of round (oval) by 0.062”. An additional ovality allowance is permitted for thin wall pipe which is defined as a pipe where the nominal wall is 3% or less of the OD. In such a case, the OD tolerance range applies to the mean OD and the ovality is permitted to be 1.5% of the OD. (See Inset).
    Only the minimum wall thickness is limited, which is -12.5% of the nominal wall. There is no maximum wall thickness limit. For seamless pipe, there is a limit of 10% by weight (mass) over the nominal weight. Note that this limits the average wall thickness of the seamless pipe to being no more than 10% heavy, but does not limit the specific maximum wall thickness at any given point. There is no maximum thickness or weight limit for welded pipe.


    Tolerances are also provided for stainless pipe on straightness (1/8” in 10’) and for cut lengths (-0, +1/4”). Notice that there is no requirement or tolerance for the ID.
    The tolerances for most nickel alloy welded pipe are identical or very similar to those for stainless. The general requirements for nickel alloy welded pipe are contained in ASTM/ASME B/SB 775. General requirements for seamless nickel alloy pipe are published in ASTM/ASME B/SB 729. Because nickel alloys are more difficult to hot work, tolerances for hot finished pipe are more generous than for stainless steel or welded and cold finished nickel alloy products.

    Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe Tolerances

    NPS Designator

    Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter
    Over In. Under In.
    1/8 to 1-1/2, incl 1/64 (0.015) 1/32 (0.031)
    Over 1-1/2 to 4, incl 1/32 (0.031) 1/32 (0.031)
    Over 4 to 8, incl 1/16 (0.062) 1/32 (0.031)
    Over 8 to 18, incl 3/23 (0.093) 1/32 (0.031)

    Nominal Wall Thickness:

    • Nominal Wall Tolerance Plus 12.5%, Minus 12.5%
    • These do not conform to the American National Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
      (ANSI B 36.10 – 1979)

    NPS Designator

    Outside Diameter in.

    Schedule 10S in.

    Schedule 40S in.

    Schedule 80S in.

    Schedule 160 in.

    Schedule XX in.
    1/4 0.540 0.065 0.088 0.119
    3/8 0.675 0.065 0.091 0.126
    1/2 0.840 0.083 0.109 0.147 .188 .294
    3/4 1.050 0.083 0.113 0.154 .218 .308
    1.0 1.315 0.109 0.133 0.179 .250 .358
    1 1/4 1.660 0.109 0.140 0.191 .250 .382
    1 1/2 1.900 0.109 0.145 0.200 .281 .400
    2 2.375 0.109 0.154 0.218 .343 .436
    2 1/2 2.875 0.120 0.203 0.276 .375 .552
    3 3.500 0.120 0.216 0.300 .438 .600
    3 1/2 4.000 0.120 0.226 0.318 .636
    4 4.500 0.120 0.237 0.337 .534 .674
    5 5.563 0.134 0.258 0.375 .625 .750
    6 6.625 0.134 0.280 0.432 .719 .864
    8 8.625 0.148 0.322 0.500 .906 .875
    10 10.750 0.165 0.365 0.500 1.125
    12 12.750 0.180 0.375 0.500 1.312
    14 14.000 0.188 0.375 0.500 1.406
    16 16.000 0.188 0.375 0.500 1.594

    Minimum Wall Thickness on Inspection:

    • The following equation, upon which this table is based, may be applied to calculate minimum wall thicknesses from nominal wall thickness:
      • tn * 0.875 = tm
        Where:
        tn = nominal wall thickness, in. [mm], and
        tm= minimum wall thicknesses, in. [mm]
      • The wall thickness is inch-pound units is rounded to three decimal places in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. The wall thickness in SI units is rounded to one decimal place in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
    • This table is a master table covering wall thicknesses available in the purchase of different classifications of pipe, but it is not meant to imply that all the walls listed herein are necessarily obtainable for the applicable product specification.

    Nominal Thickness

    Minimum Thickness on Inspection

    Nominal Thickness

    Minimum Thickness on Inspection

    Nominal Thickness

    Minimum Thickness on Inspection

    in.

    mm

    in

    mm

    in

    mm

    in

    mm

    in

    mm

    in

    mm
    0.068 1.7 0.060 1.5 0.294 7.5 0.257 6.5 0.750 19.0 0.658 16.6
    0.068 2.2 0.077 2.0 0.300 7.6 0.262 6.7 0.812 20.6 0.710 18.0
    0.091 2.3 0.080 2.0 0.307 7.8 0.269 6.8 0.843 21.4 0.736 18.7
    0.095 2.4 0.083 2.1 0.308 7.8 0.270 6.9 0.854 21.7 0.756 19.2
    0.113 2.9 0.099 2.5 0.312 7.9 0.273 6.9 0.875 22.2 0.766 19.5
    0.119 3.0 0.104 2.6 0.318 8.1 0.278 7.1 0.906 23.0 0.783 20.1
    0.125 3.2 0.109 2.8 0.322 8.2 0.282 7.2 0.937 23.8 0.820 20.8
    0.126 3.2 0.110 2.8 0.330 8.4 0.289 7.3 0.968 24.6 0.847 21.5
    0.133 3.4 0.116 2.9 0.337 8.6 0.295 7.5 1.000 25.4 0.875 22.2
    0.140 3.6 0.122 3.1 0.343 8.7 0.300 7.6 1.031 26.2 0.902 22.9
    0.145 3.7 0.127 3.2 0.344 8.7 0.301 7.6 1.062 27.0 0.929 23.6
    0.147 3.7 0.129 3.3 0.358 9.1 0.313 8.0 1.083 27.8 0.956 24.3
    0.154 3.9 0.135 3.4 0.365 9.3 0.319 8.1 1.125 28.6 0.984 25.0
    0.156 4.0 0.136 3.5 0.375 9.5 0.328 8.3 1.156 29.4 1.012 25.7
    0.179 4.5 0.157 4.0 0.382 9.7 0.334 8.5 1.218 30.9 1.066 27.1
    0.187 43.7 0.164 4.2 0.400 10.2 0.350 8.9 1.250 31.8 1.094 27.8
    0.188 4.8 0.164 4.2 0.406 10.3 0.355 9.0 1.281 32.5 1.121 28.5
    0.191 4.9 0.167 4.2 0.432 10.4 0.378 9.6 1.312 33.3 1.148 29.2
    0.200 5.1 0.175 4.4 0.436 11.1 0.382 9.7 1.343 34.1 1.175 29.8
    0.203 5.2 0.178 4.5 0.437 11.1 0.382 9.7 1.375 34.9 1.203 30.6
    0.216 5.5 0.189 4.8 0.438 11.1 0.383 9.7 1.406 35.7 1.230 31.2
    0.218 5.5 0.191 4.9 0.500 12.7 0.438 11.1 1.436 36.5 1.258 32.0
    0.219 5.6 0.192 4.9 0.531 13.5 0.465 11.8 1.500 36.1 1.312 33.3
    0.226 5.7 0.196 5.0 0.552 14.0 0.483 12.3 1.531 38.9 1.340 34.0
    0.237 6.0 0.207 5.2 0.562 14.3 0.492 12.5 1.562 39.7 1.367 34.7
    0.250 6.4 0.219 5.6 0.593 15.1 0.519 13.2 1.593 40.5 1.394 35.4
    0.258 6.6 0.226 5.7 0.600 15.2 0.525 13.3 1.750 44.5 1.531 38.9
    0.276 7.0 0.242 6.1 0.625 15.9 0.547 13.9 1.781 45.2 1.558 39.6
    0.277 7.0 0.242 6.1 0.656 16.6 0.573 14.6 1.812 46.0 1.586 49.3
    0.279 7.1 0.244 6.2 0.674 17.1 0.590 15.0 1.968 50.0 1.772 43.7
    0.280 7.1 0.245 6.2 0.687 17.4 0.601 15.3 2.062 52.4 1.804 45.8
    0.281 7.1 0.246 6.2 0.719 18.3 0.629 16.0 2.343 59.5 2.050 52.1

    Stainless Steel Pipes Specifications

    ASTM A312: Seamless and straight-seam welded austenitic pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. Filler metal not permitted during welding.

    ASTM A358: Electric fusion welded austenitic pipe for corrosive and/or high temperature service. Typically only pipe up to 8 inch is produced to this specification. Addition of filler metal is permitted during welding.

    ASTM A790: Seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic (duplex) pipe intended for general corrosive service, with a particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

    ASTM A409: Straight-seam or spiral-seam electric fusion welded large diameter austenitic light-wall pipe in sizes 14” to 30” with walls Sch5S and Sch 10S for corrosive and/or high

    ASTM A376: Seamless austenitic pipe for high temperature applications.

    ASTM A813: Single-seam, single- or double- welded austenitic pipe for high temperature and general corrosive applications.

    ASTM A814: Cold-worked welded austenitic pipe for high temperature and general corrosive service.



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